Conrad of Vechta
Conrad of Vechta (Czech Konrád z Vechty; German Konrad von Vechta) (born c. 1370, possibly in Bremen; died 24 December 1431 in Roudnice nad Labem) was Bishop of Verden (1400–1402/1407), Bishop of Olomouc (1408–1413), Archbishop of Prague (1413–1421), and Master of the Mint (1401–1403) and Chancellor (1405–1412) of the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Before episcopate
[edit]It is not certain whether Conrad was a member of the patrician family named von Vechta, living as successful merchants in Bremen, where family members also held positions in the city government, or if Conrad was born in Vechta and therefore epithetised von Vechta in German.[1] However, his brother Konstantin von Vechta held a canonicate at Bremen Cathedral as cathedral provost (Dompropst), presiding the cathedral chapter.[1] This rather substantiates a patrician background, because Bremian canonicates were usually provided for members of patrician families of Bremen or of noble families of the Bremian knightage.[1] Conrad was definitely no member of the comital family of Vechta, which used to be called after its castle Counts of Ravensberg.[2]
Conrad strove for a clerical career. He sided already early with Wenceslaus, King of the Romans, ruling the Holy Roman Empire since 1376, on whose instigation Conrad was provided with a number of prebends. As many North Germans used to study in Prague, Conrad's siding with Wenceslaus, who was simultaneously ruling as King of Bohemia since 1378, may indicate that Conrad had done so too. In 1395 Wenceslaus failed to get Conrad invested as bishop of Verden, whereas Dietrich of Nieheim prevailed.[2] Conrad had earlier been provost of Lüne Nunnery and was then promoted to canon of the Collegiate Church of St. Blaise in Brunswick.[3]
Provided bishop of Verden
[edit]In 1400 Pope Boniface IX, on Wenceslaus' instigation, deposed Conrad's provided predecessor Conrad of Soltau, who had so far only been provided bishop of Verden in 1399, but not invested, and provided instead Conrad of Vechta not before 1 May, however, also lacking investiture.[3] Conrad titled himself bishop elect of Verden until 1407.[4] Lacking the elective mandate of the cathedral chapter in Verden upon Aller, it did not recognise his episcopate.[5] However, the pope soon changed his mind again, when the other prince-electors had deposed Wenceslaus as ruler of the Empire in 1400 and replaced him by King Rupert, who in May 1401 had accepted the deposed Conrad of Soltau, a native of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, as legitimate and invested him with the princely regalia as prince-bishop.[3] Boniface IX thus also confirmed Conrad of Soltau as canonical bishop of Verden in autumn 1402.[4]
Later offices
[edit]In 1410 Konstantin von Vechta followed Conrad to Prague, succeeding him as provost of Mělník's Ss. Peter and Paul Church, which was combined with a canonicate at St. Vitus Cathedral, Prague.[1]
On 28 July 1419 Conrad crowned Sigismund of Luxembourg as King of Bohemia. Conrad took the side of the Hussites during the Hussite Wars, despite remaining a Catholic prelate, and was deposed as archbishop by the Roman Curia.
Art patronage
[edit]Conrad was the probable original owner of a richly illuminated manuscript Bible, now known as the Antwerp Bible from its survival in the Museum Plantin-Moretus, Antwerp.[6]
References
[edit]- Václav Bartunek (1980), "Konrad von Vechta", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 12, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 551–552
- Zdeňka Hledíková, Štěpán Kohout and Thomas Vogtherr, "Konrad von Vechta", in Erwin Gatz, Die Bischöfe des Heiligen Römischen Reiches: 5 vols., in: Die Bischöfe des Heiligen Römischen Reiches, Erwin Gatz under collaboration of Clemens Brodkorb (eds.), Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2001, vol. 2: '1198 bis 1448', pp. 594–596; ISBN 3-428-08422-5.
- Walter Schlesinger (1882), "Konrad von Vechta", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 16, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 608–609
- Thomas Vogtherr, "Bistum und Hochstift Verden bis 1502", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995; ISBN 3-9801919-7-4), vol. II 'Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995; ISBN 3-9801919-8-2), vol. III 'Neuzeit' (2008; ISBN 3-9801919-9-0), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), vol. II: pp. 279–320.
Further reading
[edit]- Boehm, Barbara Drake; et al. (2005). Prague: The Crown of Bohemia, 1347-1437. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 1588391612.
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d Václav Bartunek, "Konrad von Vechta", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. 12, pp. 551seq., here p. 551.
- ^ a b Walter Schlesinger, "Konrad von Vechta", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. 16, pp. 608seq., here p. 608.
- ^ a b c Thomas Vogtherr, "Bistum und Hochstift Verden bis 1502", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 279–320, here p. 302. ISBN 3-9801919-8-2.
- ^ a b Thomas Vogtherr, "Bistum und Hochstift Verden bis 1502", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 279–320, here p. 303. ISBN 3-9801919-8-2.
- ^ Cf. Karl Ernst Hermann Krause, addendum to Ludwig Schlesinger's article "Konrad von Vechta", in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, vol. 16 (1882), pp. 608seq., the addendum published under the "Zusätze und Berichtigungen" (addenda and corrections), in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, vol. 18, pp. 794–796, here p. 795.
- ^ "Wenceslas Bible" in The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture, vol. 2, edited by Colum Hourihane (Oxford University Press, 2012), pp. 366-367
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